What Is Computer?
Desktop Computer:
A personal computer is a computer small and low cost, which is intended for personal use (or for use by a small group of individuals). The term "personal computer" is used to describe (desktops). It is often shortened to the acronym PC or microcomputer, whose meaning in English is "personal computer". It is a very common type of machines.
History Of Personal Computer:
Prior to the Personal Computer (acronym PC), computers were designed for large organization who attached thin terminals for multiple users to a single large computer whose resources were shared among all users. The advent of the personal computer (PC), they break up the tradition of terminals computing. By the late 1980s, technology advances made it feasible to build a small computer that an individual could own and use.
The personal computer began to be wide spread in the 1980s. The first was expensive, work late and had little capacity seen with today's eyes. History shows that they had their antecedents in particular as calculating machines. It was the development of an effective and a user friendly interface which gave impetus to the development and let them be word processors.
According to the Computer History, the first "personal computer" was the Kenbak-1, launched in 1971. Had256 bytes of memory and was advertised in Scientific American for $750, however, did not have CPU and was, like other systems of this era, designed for educational use.
Uses of Personal Computers
Personal computer (PC) is used for Work with word processing, Internet communications, and sound compositions and also for DTP. The PC is a most valued piece of technology around the world. The data processing capabilities of PC have added to their usage.
Every things computer does is controlled by its Central Processing Unit (CPU). The CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the central processor or Nerve Centre or heart, but more commonly called processor, the CPU is where most calculations take place.
In terms of computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a computer system. It add and compare its data in cpu chip. A CPU or Processors of all Computer, whether micro, mini or mainframe must have three element or parts primary storage, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and control unit. Control Unit (CU) - decodes the program instruction. CPU chip used in a computer is partially made out of Silica. on other words silicon chip used for data processing are called Micro Processor.
Central processing unit (CPU) is the central component of the Pc. Sometimes it is called as processor. It is the brain that runs the show inside the Pc. All work that is done on a computer is performed directly or indirectly by the processor. Obviously, it is one of the most important components of the Pc. It is also, scientifically, not only one of the most amazing parts of the pc but one of the most amazing devices in the world of technology. The processor plays a significant role in the following important aspects of your computer system;
Performance: The processor is probably the most important single determinant of system performance in the Pc. While other components also playa key role in determining performance, the processor's capabilities dictate the maximum performance of a system. The other devices only allow the processor to reach its full potential.
Software Support: Newer, faster processors enable the use of the latest software. In addition, new processors such as the Pentium with MMX Technology, enable the use of specialized software not usable on earlier machines.
Reliability and Stability: The quality of the processor is one factor that determines how reliably your system will run. While most processors are very dependable, some are not. This also depends to some extent on the age of the processor and how much energy it consumes.
Ram: Random Access Memory (RAM) is the best known form of Computer Memory. The Read and write (R/W) memory of a computer is called RAM. The User can write information to it and read information from it.With Ram any location can be reached in a fixed ( and short) amount of time after specifying its address.
Ram: Picture
ROM :Read Only Memory (ROM) is an example of nonvolatile memory. ROM is a class of storage medium used in computers and other electronic devices. Read Only Memory (ROM), also known as firmware, is an integrated circuit programmed with specific data when it is manufactured. The instructions for starting the computer are housed on Read only memory chip.
ROM chips are used not only in computers, but in most other electronic items as well. Because data is fully incorporated at the ROM chip's manufacture, data stored can neither be erased nor replaced. This means permanent and secure data storage. However, if a mistake is made in manufacture, a ROM chip becomes unusable. The most expensive stage of ROM manufacture, therefore, is creating the template.
If a template is readily available, duplicating the ROM chip is very easy and affordable. A ROM chip is also non volatile so data stored in it is not lost when power is turned off. ROM is a semiconductor memory that is capable of operating at electronics speed.
ROM Types :
PROM : Short for programmable read-only memory, a memory chip on which data can be written only once. Once a program has been written onto a PROM, it remains there forever. Unlike RAM, PROMs retain their contents when the computer is turned off. The difference between a PROM and a ROM (read-only memory) is that a PROM is manufactured as blank memory, whereas a ROM is programmed during the manufacturing process. To write data onto a PROM chip, you need a special device called a PROM programmer or PROM burner. The process of programming a PROM is sometimes called burning the PROM.
EPROM : Acronym for erasable programmable read-only memory, and pronounced ee-prom, EPROM is a special type of memory that retains its contents until it is exposed to ultraviolet light. The ultraviolet light clears its contents, making it possible to reprogram the memory. To write to and erase an EPROM, you need a special device called a PROM programmer or PROM burner.
HardDisk:
There are at present two standards discs: ATA-IDE and SATA. The ATA-IDE standard, although still widespread, is doomed to disappear in favor of SATA. SATA hard drives are indeed more faster and have a much larger storage capacity.
A hard disk consists of a stack of disk platters that are made up of aluminum alloy of glass coated with a magnetic material; actually, most hard disks have from two to eight platters. Each side of each platter has a read/write head that floats over the surface of the rapidly spinning disk and picks up (reads) magnetically stored data, or records (writes) data onto the disk. It's just like a tape recorder, except that in a hard disk, the head doesn't touch the disk surface. Instead, the read/write heads float on an extraordinarily thin cushion of air, about the height of a fingerprint. Really. That's why it's important not to jostle your hard disk or kick it while it's doing its work. ....
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